SIRPID (Stimulus Induced Rhythmic, Periodic, or Ictal Discharges)

2018-05-28T09:36:27Z

EEGpedia:

SIRPID (Stimulus Induced Rhythmic, Periodic, or Ictal Discharges)

2018-05-28T09:35:20Z

EEGpedia:

New nomenclature for SIRPID is: Stimulus-Induced (SI)Rhythmic Delta Activity (RDA) or Stimulus-Induced Generelized Periodic Discharges (GPD), dependent of the pattern of the discharges.

==Background==
* Stimulus Induced Rhythmic, Periodic, or Ictal Discharges (SIRPID)
* Due to cortical and subcortical brain damage (thalamo-cortical dysfunction)
* Often seen after acute brain injury (around 75%)
* Discharges are induced by a tactile stimulus, i.e. touch or pain.

==Clinic==
* In critically ill patients
* 50% has (sub)clinical seizures.
* Risk factor for development of status epilepticus.

==EEG==
* Encephalopatic background EEG
* Rhythmic delta discharges after a stimulus, i.e. pain.
* Generalized or focal discharges.
* Lasting seconds to hours

----
'''''Generalized SIRPIDs after pain stimulus (blue line) (Average) '''''
[[File:SIRPID-3.png|border|none|1200px|left]]

----

Eye movements artifact

2018-05-22T10:59:21Z

EEGpedia:

* Vertical eye movements cause deflections in Fp1 and Fp2. (see [[Eye blink artifact]])
* Lateral eye movements most affect lateral frontal electrodes F7 and F8
** A left lateral eye movement, the positive pole of the eye moves toward F7 and away from F8, causing a positive wave in electrode F7 and negative wave in electrode F8
** A right lateral eye movement cause the opposite.

----
''''' Lateral eye movement seen in F7 and F8 (source)'''''
[[File:Lateral eye movement (source) eegpedia.png|border|none|1200px|left]]
----

MediaWiki:Common.css

2018-05-17T10:05:44Z

EEGpedia: Created page with "/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */ body.page-Main_Page.action-view h1.firstHeading, body.page-Main_Page.action-submit h1.firstHeading { display: none; }"

/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */

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Main Page

2018-05-17T09:19:27Z

EEGpedia:

__NOTOC__
{| id="mp-topbanner" style="width:100%; background:#fcfcfc; margin-top:-1em; border:1px solid #ccc;"
| style="width:56%; color:#000;" |

{| style="width:280px; border:none; background:none;"
| style="width:280px; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;" |
<div style="font-size:162%; border:none; margin:0; padding:.1em; color:#000;">Welcome to '''EEGpedia''',</div>
<div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:95%;">A site to improve knowledge of Electroencephalography in an easy and clear way.<br /> Designed by neurologists for medical professionals who come into contact with EEG's</div>
<div id="articlecount" style="width:100%; text-align:left; font-size:95%;">EEGpedia has a growing number of visitors from around the world</div>
<div id="articlecount" style="width:100%; text-align:left; font-size:95%;">Also visit our EMG website [http://www.EMGpedia.org EMGpedia.org].</div>
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| style="width:15%; font-size:95%;" |

| style="width:80px; font-size:80%;" |
[[Image:Martinherklots2.jpg|link=|75px|center]]
| style="width:18%; font-size:80%;" |
'''Founder:'''<br />
'''Martin Herklots, MD'''<br />
Neurology resident, ETZ hospital, Tilburg<br />
The Netherlands<br />

|}

<div style="padding:10px">

{| width="100%" cellspacing="5"
|-
| style="border:1px solid #E2ACB1;background-color:#eaf3ff;padding:5px;" width="33%" valign="top" |
<h2 style="margin:0px;margin-bottom:15px;background-color:#D1DAEB;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:center;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Normal EEG</h2>

<div align="left" style="margin-top:15px;">
<div style="font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;border-bottom:1px solid #E2ACB1;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em">Normal waves</div>
{| style="background:transparent;font-size:9pt" align="left"
|-

*[[Alpha rhythm |Alpha rhythm / Posterior basic rhythm]]
*[[Beta rhythm]]
*[[Delta waves]]
*[[Theta rhythm]]
*[[Mu rhythm]]
*[[Lambda waves]]
<br />

<h2 style="margin:0px;margin-bottom:15px;background-color:#D1DAEB;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:center;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Normal variants</h2>

'''Rhythmic patterns'''
----

*[[Normal slowing during hyperventilation]]
*[[RMTD (rhythmic midtemporal theta burst of drowsiness)]]
*[[SREDA (subclinical rhythmic electrographic discharges in adults)]]
*[[Midline theta rhythm (Ciganek)]]
*[[Frontal arousal rhythm]]
*[[Slow alpha variant]]
*[[Fast alpha variant]]

'''Epileptiform like patterns'''

----

*[[Small sharp spikes (SSS or BETS)]]
*[[Wicket spikes]]
*[[6 Hz spike-and-wave bursts (WHAM and FOLD)]]
*[[14 & 6 Hz positive bursts]]
*[[4 Hz vertex rhythm]]
*[[Breach rhythm]]

<h2 style="margin:0px;margin-bottom:15px;background-color:#D1DAEB;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:center;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Sleep</h2>
'''EEG during sleep'''

----

*[[Sleep overview]]
*[[Non-REM 1]]
*[[Non-REM 2]]
*[[Non-REM 3]]
*[[REM sleep]]
*[[POSTS (Positive occipital sharp transients of sleep)]]
*[[K complex]]
*[[Vertex waves]]

<h2 style="margin:0px;margin-bottom:15px;background-color:#D1DAEB;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:center;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Artifacts</h2>
'''Different kinds of artifacts'''

----

*[[Eye blink artifact]]
*[[Eye movements artifact]]
*[[Muscle artifact]]
*[[ECG artifact]]
*[[Pulse artifact]]
*[[Breathing artifact]]
*[[Sweat artifact]]

</div>
</div>
|}


|style="border:1px solid #E2ACB1;background-color:#eaf3ff;padding:5px;" width="33%" valign="top" |
<h2 style="margin:0px;margin-bottom:15px;background-color:#D1DAEB;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:center;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Abnormal EEG</h2>
<div style="margin-top:15px;">
<div align="left" style="font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;border-bottom:1px solid #E2ACB1;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em">Epileptiform:</div>
{| style="background:transparent;font-size:10pt" align="left"
|-
| style="background:transparent" valign="top" align="left"|
*[[Spikes and sharp waves]]
*[[Spike slow wave complex]]
*[[Sharp wave slow wave complex]]
*[[Polyspikes slow wave complex]]
*[[Photoparoxysmal response]]
*[[Status epilepticus]]

'''Abnormalities associated with epilepsy'''

----
*[[LPD (lateralized periodic discharges)]]
*[[TIRDA (temporal intermittent rhythmic delta activity)]]
*[[GPD (Generalized periodic discharges)]]
*[[SIRPID (Stimulus Induced Rhythmic, Periodic, or Ictal Discharges)]]

'''Encephalopathic'''

----

*[[FIRDA (frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity)]]

'''Focal abnormalities'''

----

*[[Zeta waves]]

|}


| style="border:1px solid #E2ACB1;background-color:#eaf3ff;padding:5px;" width="33%" valign="top" |
<h2 style="margin:0px;margin-bottom:15px;background-color:#D1DAEB;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:center;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Epilepsy syndromes</h2>
<div align="left" style="margin-top:15px;">
<div style="font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;border-bottom:1px solid #E2ACB1;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em">The clinic and EEG abnormalities of epilepsy syndromes</div>
{| style="background:transparent;font-size:10pt" align="left"
|-
| style="background:transparent" valign="top" align="left"|
*[[Angelman syndrome]]
*[[Benign childhood Epilepsy with CentroTemporal Spikes (=BECTS) or Rolandic epilepsy]]
*[[Childhood Absence Epilepsy]]
*[[CSWS (Continuous spike and wave during slow wave sleep)]]
*[[Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy]]
*[[Landau Kleffner Syndrome (LKS)]]
*[[Lennox Gastaut Syndrome]]
*[[Panayiotopoulos Syndrome]]
*[[West Syndrome (Infantile Spasm)]]

|}


<div style="clear:both"></div>
<h2 style="margin:0px;margin-bottom:15px;background-color:#D1DAEB;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:center;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">EEG of the Month</h2>
<div style="padding:5px;background:#eaf3ff;border:1px solid #ccc;">
<div align="center" style="margin-top:15px;">
[[File:EEG_of_the_month_1(source).png|400px]]</div>
''What is the most probable syndrome of this 5 year old girl (source EEG)''

[[ Panayiotopoulos Syndrome | Click here for the correct answer ]]

[[ EEG of the month | Previous EEG of the month ]]
</div>
</div>



</div>
|}




<div style="border:1px solid #E2ACB1;padding:4px;text-align:left;background-color:#eaf3ff;margin-top:10px">
<div style="padding:15px">
<h2 style="margin:0px;margin-bottom:15px;background-color:#D1DAEB;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">'''Contributors'''</h2>
{| width=100% style="background:transparent"
'''Martin Herklots, MD'''<br />
Neurology resident, ETZ hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands<br />
''Founder and author''<br />
'''Geert Brekelmans, MD, PhD'''<br />
Neurologist, ETZ hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands<br />
''Author and EEG examples''<br />
'''Bas Jongbloed, MD'''<br />
Neurology resident, ETZ hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands<br />
''Author''
|

|}
</div>
</div>

File:Martinherklots2.jpg

2018-05-17T09:18:54Z

EEGpedia:

14 & 6 Hz positive bursts

2018-05-17T08:20:01Z

EEGpedia:

'''14 & 6 Hz positive bursts'''

Synonymes: ctenoids

* Bursts of 14Hz (13-17) or 6Hz (5-7)
* Duration: 0.5-1 second
* Unilateral (R>L) or bilateral asynchronous or synchronous

* Arch-shaped waves / Positive sharp peaks
* Maximum in posterior temporal region
* Present in drowsiness and light sleep
* Young adults
* '''Not associated with epilepsy'''

----
'''''6 Hz positive burst of 0.5 second, bilateral (average)'''''
[[File: 14_%26_6_Hz_positive_bursts_(average).png|border|1200px]]<br/>
----

'''''14 Hz positive burst in a 7 years old girl during NREM 1 sleep (average)'''''
[[File:14_Hz_positive_burst_in_a_7_years_old_girl_during_NREM_1_sleep.png|border|1200px|left]]
----

14 & 6 Hz positive bursts

2018-05-17T08:14:10Z

EEGpedia:

'''14 & 6 Hz positive bursts'''

Synonymes: ctenoids

* Bursts of 14Hz (13-17) or 6Hz (5-7)
* Duration: 0.5-1 second
* Unilateral (R>L) or bilateral asynchronous or synchronous

* Arch-shaped waves / Positive sharp peaks
* Maximum in posterior temporal region
* Present in drowsiness and light sleep
* Young adults
* '''Not associated with epilepsy'''

----
'''''6 Hz positive burst of 0.5 second, bilateral (average)'''''
[[File: 14_%26_6_Hz_positive_bursts_(average).png|border|1200px|left]]
----

'''''14 Hz positive burst in a 7 years old girl during NREM 1 sleep (average)'''''
[[File: 14_%26_6_Hz_positive_bursts_(average).png|border|1200px|left]]
----

File:14 Hz positive burst in a 7 years old girl during NREM 1 sleep.png

2018-05-17T08:13:02Z

EEGpedia: 14 Hz positive burst in a 7 years old girl during NREM 1 sleep

14 Hz positive burst in a 7 years old girl during NREM 1 sleep

Mu rhythm

2018-05-03T07:51:42Z

EEGpedia:

*Frequency: 8-12 Hz
*More sharply than [[Alpha rhythm]]
*Most prominent in central regions
*Frequency asymmetry of >1 Hz is abnormal
*Mu rhythm is suppressed by contralateral opening and closing of the fist.

----
'''''Mu rhythm in a 5 year old boy (source)'''''
[[File: Mu_5_year_old_left_en_right_frequency_9,8_e.png|border|none|1200px|left]]

----
'''''Mu reactivity, by closing the left fist in a 65 year old woman with eyes opened (source)'''''
[[File: Mu_reactivity_65_year_old_woman_eyes_opened_(source)_eegpedia.png|border|none|1200px|left]]
----

2018-01-17T14:14:01Z

EEGpedia: Created page with "==Background== * Stimulus Induced Rhythmic, Periodic, or Ictal Discharges (SIRPID) * Due to cortical and subcortical brain damage (thalamo-cortical dysfunction) * Often seen a..."

Main Page

2018-01-17T14:13:09Z

EEGpedia:

__NOTOC__
{| id="mp-topbanner" style="width:100%; background:#fcfcfc; margin-top:-1em; border:1px solid #ccc;"
| style="width:56%; color:#000;" |

{| style="width:280px; border:none; background:none;"
| style="width:280px; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;" |
<div style="font-size:162%; border:none; margin:0; padding:.1em; color:#000;">Welcome to '''EEGpedia''',</div>
<div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:95%;">A site to improve knowledge of Electroencephalography in an easy and clear way.<br /> Designed by neurologists for medical professionals who come into contact with EEG's</div>
<div id="articlecount" style="width:100%; text-align:left; font-size:95%;">EEGpedia has a growing number of visitors from around the world</div>
<div id="articlecount" style="width:100%; text-align:left; font-size:95%;">Also visit our EMG website [http://www.EMGpedia.org EMGpedia.org].</div>
|}

| style="width:15%; font-size:95%;" |

| style="width:80px; font-size:80%;" |
[[Image:Jonas_de_Jong.png|link=|75px|center]]
| style="width:18%; font-size:80%;" |
'''Founder:'''<br />
'''Martin Herklots, MD'''<br />
Neurology resident, ETZ hospital, Tilburg<br />
The Netherlands<br />

|}

<div style="padding:10px">

{| width="100%" cellspacing="5"
|-
| style="border:1px solid #E2ACB1;background-color:#eaf3ff;padding:5px;" width="33%" valign="top" |
<h2 style="margin:0px;margin-bottom:15px;background-color:#D1DAEB;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:center;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Normal EEG</h2>

<div align="left" style="margin-top:15px;">
<div style="font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;border-bottom:1px solid #E2ACB1;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em">Normal waves</div>
{| style="background:transparent;font-size:9pt" align="left"
|-

*[[Alpha rhythm |Alpha rhythm / Posterior basic rhythm]]
*[[Beta rhythm]]
*[[Delta waves]]
*[[Theta rhythm]]
*[[Mu rhythm]]
*[[Lambda waves]]
<br />

<h2 style="margin:0px;margin-bottom:15px;background-color:#D1DAEB;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:center;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Normal variants</h2>

'''Rhythmic patterns'''
----

*[[Normal slowing during hyperventilation]]
*[[RMTD (rhythmic midtemporal theta burst of drowsiness)]]
*[[SREDA (subclinical rhythmic electrographic discharges in adults)]]
*[[Midline theta rhythm (Ciganek)]]
*[[Frontal arousal rhythm]]
*[[Slow alpha variant]]
*[[Fast alpha variant]]

'''Epileptiform like patterns'''

----

*[[Small sharp spikes (SSS or BETS)]]
*[[Wicket spikes]]
*[[6 Hz spike-and-wave bursts (WHAM and FOLD)]]
*[[14 & 6 Hz positive bursts]]
*[[4 Hz vertex rhythm]]
*[[Breach rhythm]]

<h2 style="margin:0px;margin-bottom:15px;background-color:#D1DAEB;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:center;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Sleep</h2>
'''EEG during sleep'''

----

*[[Sleep overview]]
*[[Non-REM 1]]
*[[Non-REM 2]]
*[[Non-REM 3]]
*[[REM sleep]]
*[[POSTS (Positive occipital sharp transients of sleep)]]
*[[K complex]]
*[[Vertex waves]]

<h2 style="margin:0px;margin-bottom:15px;background-color:#D1DAEB;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:center;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Artifacts</h2>
'''Different kinds of artifacts'''

----

*[[Eye blink artifact]]
*[[Eye movements artifact]]
*[[Muscle artifact]]
*[[ECG artifact]]
*[[Pulse artifact]]
*[[Breathing artifact]]
*[[Sweat artifact]]

</div>
</div>
|}


|style="border:1px solid #E2ACB1;background-color:#eaf3ff;padding:5px;" width="33%" valign="top" |
<h2 style="margin:0px;margin-bottom:15px;background-color:#D1DAEB;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:center;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Abnormal EEG</h2>
<div style="margin-top:15px;">
<div align="left" style="font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;border-bottom:1px solid #E2ACB1;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em">Epileptiform:</div>
{| style="background:transparent;font-size:10pt" align="left"
|-
| style="background:transparent" valign="top" align="left"|
*[[Spikes and sharp waves]]
*[[Spike slow wave complex]]
*[[Sharp wave slow wave complex]]
*[[Polyspikes slow wave complex]]
*[[Photoparoxysmal response]]
*[[Status epilepticus]]

'''Abnormalities associated with epilepsy'''

----
*[[LPD (lateralized periodic discharges)]]
*[[TIRDA (temporal intermittent rhythmic delta activity)]]
*[[GPD (Generalized periodic discharges)]]
*[[SIRPID (Stimulus Induced Rhythmic, Periodic, or Ictal Discharges)]]

'''Encephalopathic'''

----

*[[FIRDA (frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity)]]

'''Focal abnormalities'''

----

*[[Zeta waves]]

|}


| style="border:1px solid #E2ACB1;background-color:#eaf3ff;padding:5px;" width="33%" valign="top" |
<h2 style="margin:0px;margin-bottom:15px;background-color:#D1DAEB;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:center;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Epilepsy syndromes</h2>
<div align="left" style="margin-top:15px;">
<div style="font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;border-bottom:1px solid #E2ACB1;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em">The clinic and EEG abnormalities of epilepsy syndromes</div>
{| style="background:transparent;font-size:10pt" align="left"
|-
| style="background:transparent" valign="top" align="left"|
*[[Angelman syndrome]]
*[[Benign childhood Epilepsy with CentroTemporal Spikes (=BECTS) or Rolandic epilepsy]]
*[[Childhood Absence Epilepsy]]
*[[CSWS (Continuous spike and wave during slow wave sleep)]]
*[[Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy]]
*[[Landau Kleffner Syndrome (LKS)]]
*[[Lennox Gastaut Syndrome]]
*[[Panayiotopoulos Syndrome]]
*[[West Syndrome (Infantile Spasm)]]

|}


<div style="clear:both"></div>
<h2 style="margin:0px;margin-bottom:15px;background-color:#D1DAEB;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:center;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">EEG of the Month</h2>
<div style="padding:5px;background:#eaf3ff;border:1px solid #ccc;">
<div align="center" style="margin-top:15px;">
[[File:EEG_of_the_month_1(source).png|400px]]</div>
''What is the most probable syndrome of this 5 year old girl (source EEG)''

[[ Panayiotopoulos Syndrome | Click here for the correct answer ]]

[[ EEG of the month | Previous EEG of the month ]]
</div>
</div>



</div>
|}




<div style="border:1px solid #E2ACB1;padding:4px;text-align:left;background-color:#eaf3ff;margin-top:10px">
<div style="padding:15px">
<h2 style="margin:0px;margin-bottom:15px;background-color:#D1DAEB;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">'''Contributors'''</h2>
{| width=100% style="background:transparent"
'''Martin Herklots, MD'''<br />
Neurology resident, ETZ hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands<br />
''Founder and author''<br />
'''Geert Brekelmans, MD, PhD'''<br />
Neurologist, ETZ hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands<br />
''Author and EEG examples''<br />
'''Bas Jongbloed, MD'''<br />
Neurology resident, ETZ hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands<br />
''Author''
|

|}
</div>
</div>

Main Page

2018-01-17T14:12:16Z

EEGpedia:

__NOTOC__
{| id="mp-topbanner" style="width:100%; background:#fcfcfc; margin-top:-1em; border:1px solid #ccc;"
| style="width:56%; color:#000;" |

{| style="width:280px; border:none; background:none;"
| style="width:280px; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;" |
<div style="font-size:162%; border:none; margin:0; padding:.1em; color:#000;">Welcome to '''EEGpedia''',</div>
<div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:95%;">A site to improve knowledge of Electroencephalography in an easy and clear way.<br /> Designed by neurologists for medical professionals who come into contact with EEG's</div>
<div id="articlecount" style="width:100%; text-align:left; font-size:95%;">EEGpedia has a growing number of visitors from around the world</div>
<div id="articlecount" style="width:100%; text-align:left; font-size:95%;">Also visit our EMG website [http://www.EMGpedia.org EMGpedia.org].</div>
|}

| style="width:15%; font-size:95%;" |

| style="width:80px; font-size:80%;" |
[[Image:Jonas_de_Jong.png|link=|75px|center]]
| style="width:18%; font-size:80%;" |
'''Founder:'''<br />
'''Martin Herklots, MD'''<br />
Neurology resident, ETZ hospital, Tilburg<br />
The Netherlands<br />

|}

<div style="padding:10px">

{| width="100%" cellspacing="5"
|-
| style="border:1px solid #E2ACB1;background-color:#eaf3ff;padding:5px;" width="33%" valign="top" |
<h2 style="margin:0px;margin-bottom:15px;background-color:#D1DAEB;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:center;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Normal EEG</h2>

<div align="left" style="margin-top:15px;">
<div style="font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;border-bottom:1px solid #E2ACB1;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em">Normal waves</div>
{| style="background:transparent;font-size:9pt" align="left"
|-

*[[Alpha rhythm |Alpha rhythm / Posterior basic rhythm]]
*[[Beta rhythm]]
*[[Delta waves]]
*[[Theta rhythm]]
*[[Mu rhythm]]
*[[Lambda waves]]
<br />

<h2 style="margin:0px;margin-bottom:15px;background-color:#D1DAEB;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:center;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Normal variants</h2>

'''Rhythmic patterns'''
----

*[[Normal slowing during hyperventilation]]
*[[RMTD (rhythmic midtemporal theta burst of drowsiness)]]
*[[SREDA (subclinical rhythmic electrographic discharges in adults)]]
*[[Midline theta rhythm (Ciganek)]]
*[[Frontal arousal rhythm]]
*[[Slow alpha variant]]
*[[Fast alpha variant]]

'''Epileptiform like patterns'''

----

*[[Small sharp spikes (SSS or BETS)]]
*[[Wicket spikes]]
*[[6 Hz spike-and-wave bursts (WHAM and FOLD)]]
*[[14 & 6 Hz positive bursts]]
*[[4 Hz vertex rhythm]]
*[[Breach rhythm]]

<h2 style="margin:0px;margin-bottom:15px;background-color:#D1DAEB;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:center;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Sleep</h2>
'''EEG during sleep'''

----

*[[Sleep overview]]
*[[Non-REM 1]]
*[[Non-REM 2]]
*[[Non-REM 3]]
*[[REM sleep]]
*[[POSTS (Positive occipital sharp transients of sleep)]]
*[[K complex]]
*[[Vertex waves]]

<h2 style="margin:0px;margin-bottom:15px;background-color:#D1DAEB;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:center;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Artifacts</h2>
'''Different kinds of artifacts'''

----

*[[Eye blink artifact]]
*[[Eye movements artifact]]
*[[Muscle artifact]]
*[[ECG artifact]]
*[[Pulse artifact]]
*[[Breathing artifact]]
*[[Sweat artifact]]

</div>
</div>
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|style="border:1px solid #E2ACB1;background-color:#eaf3ff;padding:5px;" width="33%" valign="top" |
<h2 style="margin:0px;margin-bottom:15px;background-color:#D1DAEB;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:center;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Abnormal EEG</h2>
<div style="margin-top:15px;">
<div align="left" style="font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;border-bottom:1px solid #E2ACB1;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em">Epileptiform:</div>
{| style="background:transparent;font-size:10pt" align="left"
|-
| style="background:transparent" valign="top" align="left"|
*[[Spikes and sharp waves]]
*[[Spike slow wave complex]]
*[[Sharp wave slow wave complex]]
*[[Polyspikes slow wave complex]]
*[[Photoparoxysmal response]]
*[[Status epilepticus]]

'''Abnormalities associated with epilepsy'''

----
*[[LPD (lateralized periodic discharges)]]
*[[TIRDA (temporal intermittent rhythmic delta activity)]]
*[[GPD (Generalized periodic discharges)]]
*[[SIRPID ('''S'''timulus '''I'''nduced '''R'''hythmic, '''P'''eriodic, or '''I'''ctal '''D'''ischarges)]]

'''Encephalopathic'''

----

*[[FIRDA (frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity)]]

'''Focal abnormalities'''

----

*[[Zeta waves]]

|}


| style="border:1px solid #E2ACB1;background-color:#eaf3ff;padding:5px;" width="33%" valign="top" |
<h2 style="margin:0px;margin-bottom:15px;background-color:#D1DAEB;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:center;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Epilepsy syndromes</h2>
<div align="left" style="margin-top:15px;">
<div style="font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;border-bottom:1px solid #E2ACB1;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em">The clinic and EEG abnormalities of epilepsy syndromes</div>
{| style="background:transparent;font-size:10pt" align="left"
|-
| style="background:transparent" valign="top" align="left"|
*[[Angelman syndrome]]
*[[Benign childhood Epilepsy with CentroTemporal Spikes (=BECTS) or Rolandic epilepsy]]
*[[Childhood Absence Epilepsy]]
*[[CSWS (Continuous spike and wave during slow wave sleep)]]
*[[Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy]]
*[[Landau Kleffner Syndrome (LKS)]]
*[[Lennox Gastaut Syndrome]]
*[[Panayiotopoulos Syndrome]]
*[[West Syndrome (Infantile Spasm)]]

|}


<div style="clear:both"></div>
<h2 style="margin:0px;margin-bottom:15px;background-color:#D1DAEB;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:center;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">EEG of the Month</h2>
<div style="padding:5px;background:#eaf3ff;border:1px solid #ccc;">
<div align="center" style="margin-top:15px;">
[[File:EEG_of_the_month_1(source).png|400px]]</div>
''What is the most probable syndrome of this 5 year old girl (source EEG)''

[[ Panayiotopoulos Syndrome | Click here for the correct answer ]]

[[ EEG of the month | Previous EEG of the month ]]
</div>
</div>



</div>
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<div style="border:1px solid #E2ACB1;padding:4px;text-align:left;background-color:#eaf3ff;margin-top:10px">
<div style="padding:15px">
<h2 style="margin:0px;margin-bottom:15px;background-color:#D1DAEB;font-size:120%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a3bfb1;text-align:left;color:#000;padding:0.2em 0.4em;">'''Contributors'''</h2>
{| width=100% style="background:transparent"
'''Martin Herklots, MD'''<br />
Neurology resident, ETZ hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands<br />
''Founder and author''<br />
'''Geert Brekelmans, MD, PhD'''<br />
Neurologist, ETZ hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands<br />
''Author and EEG examples''<br />
'''Bas Jongbloed, MD'''<br />
Neurology resident, ETZ hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands<br />
''Author''
|

|}
</div>
</div>

File:SIRPID-3.png

2018-01-17T14:09:31Z

EEGpedia: Generalized SIRPIDs after pain stimulus (blue line) (Average)

Generalized SIRPIDs after pain stimulus (blue line) (Average)