Lennox Gastaut Syndrome - Revision history

EEGpedia at 14:16, 4 August 2017

2017-08-04T14:16:12Z

EEGpedia at 14:11, 4 August 2017

2017-08-04T14:11:44Z

EEGpedia: Created page with "==Background== * Severe seizures in childhood * Presentation before eight years of age, most commonly between three and five years of age * Many cases evolve into Lennox Gasta..."

2017-08-04T13:58:57Z

Created page with "==Background== * Severe seizures in childhood * Presentation before eight years of age, most commonly between three and five years of age * Many cases evolve into Lennox Gasta..."

New page

==Background==
* Severe seizures in childhood
* Presentation before eight years of age, most commonly between three and five years of age
* Many cases evolve into Lennox Gastaut from other epilepsy syndromes, particularly [[West Syndrome (Infantile Spasm)]]

==Clinics==
* Mixture of seizure types
** Tonic
** Tonic-clonic
** Atonic (drop attacks)
** Myoclonic
** atypical absences
* Brief tonic seizures of seconds to 1 minute.
* The seizures can cause falls.
* Eyelid retraction, staring, mydriasis, and apnea are commonly associated
* The seizures are frequent
* Mental retardation before seizure onset in 20-60%

==EEG==
* Spike-and-wave superimposed on an abnormal, slow background.
* The [[Spike slow wave complex]] and [[Sharp wave slow wave complex]] are generalized at a frequency of 1.5 to 2.5 Hz (slow)
* Transient and shifting asymmetries are frequent
* Non-REM sleep increases the discharges. In REM sleep the discharges decreases.
* Hyperventilation or photic stimulation does not trigger the discharges.
<br />
'''Ictal EEG'''<br />
* '''Tonic seizure:''' typically fast rhythmic discarges of 10 – 20 Hz, increasing in amplitude.
* '''Myoclonic seizures:''' bursts of arrhythmic, multiple spike-wave or irregular spike-wave activity
* '''Atypical absence seizures:''' Slow (<2.5 Hz) and often asymmetric and irregular spike-and-wave activity

==Treatment==
* No drug is highly effective
* Valproic acid, lamotrigine, topiramate, rufinamide, felbamate, and clobazam can be effective
* Carbamazepine can worsen the drop attacks

@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 ==EEG==
-* Spike-and-wave superimposed on an abnormal, slow background.
+* [[Spike slow wave complex]] superimposed on an abnormal, slow background.
 * The [[Spike slow wave complex]] and [[Sharp wave slow wave complex]] are generalized at a frequency of 1.5 to 2.5 Hz (slow), usually with the highest amplitude frontal.
 * Transient and shifting asymmetries are frequent
@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 * Valproic acid, lamotrigine, topiramate, rufinamide, felbamate, and clobazam can be effective
 * Carbamazepine can worsen the drop attacks